Process for preparing laminated bodies of cellulosic materials and product



Patented May 5, 1953 'r'itoo iss Fort PREPARING LAitiiiyh'rlioT I BODIES 'OF oELLUnosm us c ans I AND rRon o r:

Walter M. Bain, 0ak Park,-

assignor to Thc l l Gliddcn company Clc tion of Ohio veland, Ohio, a corpora:

.1 No Drawing. -Application March'7, 1952, N ..SerialNo.275,465

.- This invention relat es i to a process for-pre paring laminated bodies: comprising adhered plies of cellulosio material, one salient feature of the process and of theresulting product being that at. ea o ep aid .tellu osi p a l of alum-treated paper, an d another, feature being that the pliesare adhered together by the use of an alkaline dispersion of protein and inert solids comprising mineral solids so proportioned as to provide an adhesivefwhich is quich setting and which penctiatesonly slightly into the plies. A further feature of the process and of the resulting.productissthatthe amount of such alka'li adhesive applied between plies is 'carefullycontrolledlto the. endthat. the initialacidity of the alum-treated paper is not only capable of neutralizing the entire glue line but is also capable of rendering the glue line acidic throughout, whereby outstanding vl ater resistanoe in the'glue 'line of the laminated body "can besecured solely by having the proteinaceous adhesive; in contact with one or more plies of alum-treated paperl Accordingly, it is an object of the invention-to provide a process for preparing laminated bodies comprising 'plie's of; cellulosic material which bodies have therein orarecapable of developing therein an aeidified protein-inert solidslglue line, the acidification'of which has resulted solely from the presence of at least one ply of alum treated paper in contact with said glue line, i

A further object is to provide laminate'dbodies of the type described'inthe precedingobject, which bodies are characterized by excellent water resistance as a result of acidification of said glue line.

These and other related objects will be apparent from the following description of my invention. I

This application 'is a' continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 135,816, filed December 29, 1949, and of application Serial No. 27,827l filed May 18, 1948, both now abandoned.

In the modern manufacture of laminated pap'er board, corrugated paper, pap'er tubing, paper drums, and like containers high-speed machinery is generally employed and it is requisite that "any adhesive which is employedin connection with such machinery to adhere the yarious'fplies together must, exhibit quick-setting properties.

qu ckest; s. 1 2 swimm ngsw ets m i s- *1 8C laim s (chin-713s). i

itacturing steps: may be- 'seriously impaired, if not wholly prevented. Quick-setting qualities .are also clesired'in: adhesives used in the manufacture 'Qf*p1yW00d;; le TheQ needs for quick-setting :adhesiveshave: long been recognized and ,yariouscaseimand sy fihetic resin adhesives have been developedtmmeet suchind-ustrial needs. I have nowsfound thatrthisproperty of quick-set can beimpartedtopr developed in aqueous alkaline -vegetable-seedrprotein adhesives by formulating .the adhesivecompositions; with a quantity of finely-divided-;-mi;nera1 solid matter suitably proportionedto theproteinsand other solids, and to the water, within limi ts hereinafter set forth. .I have also found thateomparableadhesive compositions employing casein alone. or mixturesof casein with.vegetable protein likewise exhibit .quiclgesetting mos ea Specifically,-..I have foun that when an aque- I'o'us. Talkaline proteirnradhesive, composition is iormulated-.,so..as toihava-a total solids content between about 10% and 61%, when part of the total solids content is composed of finely-divided, mineral solid matter in amounts such that the ratio ofmineral solidstoproteinis between about 1.130110, ancLlOv to- 1,and. when the-ratio or" water 'to protein-isbetween about-3 tol -and 19 to 1, 'then the composition exhibits quick-set. The strength of the. adhesive develops-soquickly; after aPDlicatiOmthat the, case. of laminated paper board, .it .immediatelyrgives" fiber tear over the entire surface. when oneattempts to separate the plies...:Othehadtantageel have found in such protein adhesives area reduced penetration into the adjacent plies iwithqbetterretention of the adhesive at ,lthe glue, line, and an improved water resistance, particularly. ,when alum-treated paper or paper, board'is: glued with my adhesives, as next explained. i i

In the sizing mt pap 1' .withrosin, wax or asphalt, it is custbn'i'afyto. precipitate the size with alum. 'Qptimuni'sizing'.is'fordinarily obtained at a precipitation nmpn values as; low as13.8arelpracticable or sizi ngm ht the other L extreme, precipitatioi ;-is;complete at pHBB, but

the sizing. is inferior. incomparison withprecipitation at,lower, pI-Illva1ues.- Consequently sizing is generally effected at, delin itely acid pH values. Sized papers which have been treated-with alum are therefore moderately acidic-{and their acidity 3 can be utilized in accordance with my invention to improve the water resistance of the proteinaceous glue line by making the glue line acid and thereby insolubilizing or otherwise reducing the water-sensitivity of the protein content of the glue. This acidification of the glue line by the alum-treated paper is due in part to the fact that my pigmented adhesives do not penetrate the paper appreciably, thereby making less adhesive necessary to produce a strong joint, and in=part to the fact that my pigmented adhesives require less protein than would otherwise be necessary, thereby permitting the available acidity of the alum-treated paper to bring the protein of the adhesive to a more uniformly acid pH. Best re-.

sults are obtained when the adhesive is so formulated and proportioned in respect to the acidity of the paper that the protein in the adhesive is brought substantially into its-isoelectric range of pH values 4 to 5. While a pH below 4 gives a water-resistant glue line, this pH is not usually encountered in manufactured papers, as explained above. An acid pH above 5 gives water resistance, but to a lesser degree thanthe preferred range of 4 to 5., The higher the pH value above 5, in general, the poorer the water resistance.

I herein and in the claims use-the terms protein and/or vegetable protein to refer to the actual protein content of the product which contains same. Thus, casein and an isolated soya protein which contain as much as93% protein or more (dry basis) are proteinaceous products which I contemplate as protein for use in my adhesive. Purified peanut or other vegetableseed proteins are other contemplated products. Likewise, I contemplate impure casein or impure isolated vegetable-seed proteins such as soya or peanut protein, and I also contemplate use of soya, peanut or other vegetable-seed flours or meals, the latter being either the high-fat or low-fat types. Mixtures of such proteins or proteinaceous products may also be used; Soya flour generally contains 40% to 55% of soya protein. When using such fiour,'or comparable flours or meals of other'vegetable-seed proteins, theactual protein content thereof should beused as the basis for proportioning the mineral solids, as will be explained hereinafter.

The mineral solid matter may beany of the usual inert pigments used in the paint industry, such as titanium dioxide, lithopone, zinc sulfide, blanc fixe, natural barytes, calcium sulfate, 'etc., but I particularly prefer such cheap inert solids as coating clays, filler clays, talc, mica, slate flour, various earths such as Florida earth, diatomaceous earth, fullers earth, etci C'halk or calcium carbonate and other basically-reacting pigments or dispersible solids should preferably be avoided when water resistance in the glue line is sought in accordance with the invention by obtaining complete neutralization and acidification of the glue line. However, such solids can be used so long as the amount thereof is not sufiicient to prevent the alum of the alum-treated paper from neutralizing and acidifying the'glue line. Colloidal inert clays such as bentonitemay be used in small amounts up to about in conjunction with non-colloidal clays to give certain viscosity characteristics. The mineral solids should in all cases be finely ground and should preferably be ground to pigmentranges of particle size so as to permit 'highdispersion throughout the adhesive composition.

Alkalies should be dissolved in the adhesive be used in place of soda ash but fortheir higher costs. For some purposes, pH values higher than 12 can be used, but when the adhesive is to be used on paper products, a pH above 12 may harm the paper or the sizing of the paper. I

therefore generally prefer to keep the pH of the adhesive below 12 for such uses.

- Moreover, it will be understood that as little alkalishoul'd be used as is consistent with. good adhesive strength, since the lower the alkali content is, the more effective the acidity of alumtreated papers becomes in producing Water-resistant glue lines.

The following examples illustrate particular embodiments of my invention, but are not restrictive. Unless otherwise stated, all parts or percentages are by weight.

Example 1 An adhesive composition was prepared from a commercial alkali-soluble isolated and refined soya protein, having a total protein content of about 98% on a dry basis, balance ash, and a pipette viscosity of about 42 seconds. The composition was formulated as follows:

, I Parts Isolated soya protein 100 Paper filler clay Water 400 Caustic soda 4.75 Sodium pentachlorophenate 3.00

These ingredients are preferably combined by adding all of the protein and clay to the water and mixing thoroughly, then introducing the caustic soda, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution. Mixing is then continued for about an hour, more or less, until the alkali has dispersed the protein. Heat may be applied luring the mixing to hasten dispersion of the protein, but it is equally satisfactory to preparethe composition without the aid of external heat. The preservative may be added at any time, but is usually added soon after mixing has been started.

The adhesive was applied between two layers of paper carton stock sized. with rosin size and alum, the stock being laminated in a continuous roller-type laminating machine through which the stock passed at relatively high speed. In the particular machine involved,, a time period of about 15 seconds was allowed for the adhesive to devolpe set-up. About one gallon of adhesive was applied per 1000 square feet of single glue line. It was found that my adhesive formulated as stated above set up within the allotted time and samples taken from the discharge end of the machine showed that the paperboard plies developed fiber tear over the whole surface when an attempt was made to separate the plies. In a test made on hand rolls to simulate the continuous mill operation and to determine therefrom how quickly fiber tear occurred, samples showed that as soon as the plies had passed through the pressurerolls, the adhesive had glued the plies so firmly that fiber tear occurred on separating the plies. Samples of the laminated carton stock made on the continuous machine were tested for water resistance, by immersing samples thereof in water at room temperature for 24 hours. The tests established that delamination had not occurred and that the water resistance of the laminated stock was superior to the then-existing specifications.

Example 2 An adhesive was prepared from commercial soya flour containing about 53% protein by coinbining 100 parts of the flOlllfiWithjl-QO. parts of filler clay, 4.5 parts of caustic soda and 3715., parts of water. These ingredients were combined in the manner indicated in Example-1. The-ade hesive was found to develop set-.up or.,.-s,tick. within the allotted time when applied between the rosin and alum-sized plies of paper in the continuous machine described in Example 1. The adhesive also, developed fibergtear as soon as the laminated stockhad passedthrough thepressure -ro11s, and the water resistance; of the laminated stock was comparable to the, stock made in, Ex- ,amplegl by using isolated protein adhesive;

mersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours, no delamination was found, and fiber tear occurred on separating the plies.

Example 6 An adhesive having quick-setting properties and low penetration into fibre box board was prepared from:

. i Parts Casein i 140 Paper filler clay 200 Water 600 Caustic soda '7 Sodium pentachlorophenate 4.8

An; adhesive having qualities similar to those of-the'adhesive of Example 6 was prepared from:

.. Parts V. Fm I: Casein V 160 An adhesive was prepared as in Example 1, :Rape fiuer flay 1.370 u ina ate o te n a d t e o owin .Waterm, r, 600 P Q OWWQ I L 30 .Qaustic .Soda.1 r -7.8 Parts .S dium:pentachlorophenate 4.8

Isolated protein (42 secondpipette visr V 0651153,) v 0 Small amountso'fvarious preservatives for pro- Finer g 150' .teih'may",beadde'dlto' my aqueous'adhesive com- W t 306' I DOSi i01f1S tdl)ermit"theni tobe stored while awaitb s d ingusei Suitablepreservatives are sodium'penta- Sodium pentachlorophenate 1.5 A film of the adhesive was applied to oneface of a sheet of paperboard, and beforethe film had dried a second sheet of paper board'was pressed into contact with the film. Immediately after pressing, the two sheets of paper board were firmly adhered together.

Example 4 An adhesive having quick-setting properties was prepared by mixing 50-parts by weight of isolatedsoya protein and 100 partsof filler clay has 138 parts of water, then adding with continued mixing 2.5 parts sodium hydroxide' 'dissolved in 2'5parts water, and -140 par-ts ofadi spersion of 7* parts bentonite in "133 parts water. After asuit'able r'nixing period to effect" the dispersioni' of theprotein; 15 parts of sodium pentachlorophenate wasradded;

Example 5 Alpha" protein (a commercial grade of alkalisoluble isolated and refined soya protein) was cut with enough caustic soda solution to giv'ela pH of about 10.8, and water and filler clay were incorporated to give 35% solids and a mineral solids/protein ratio of about 1 to l. This was used in laminating paper board for beer boxes which consisted of 4 plies, and it took 2?/ ga1- lons of the above adhesive per thousandrs'quare feet for three glue lines. A gallon of the adhesive weighs about 10 pounds. On testing acrosssection of this laminated board with a Universal .pI-I indicator solution, the pH of the board itself was around 4.5,.and the .alum had so neutralized the glue line that any difference .between..its,..pH .and that of the board could scarcely be detected with the indicator. The thickness of. the finished board was "approximately inch. After imchljorophenate, sodium orthophenylphenate, phenol, and various 'organomercurials. I have found that when a preservativeihas been-added to my adhesive composition, the composition may be 40 stored foras long'as a week without harmful "deterioration and without noticeable alteration in its adhesive and working qualities, but the use of apreservative is not essential and may some- "times be omitted whenthe adhesive is to be used 15 within a short'time of its preparation.

I'have indicated above that the compositions ofmy invention should have a dispersed-solids content between about 10% and 61%, and that t he ratio of mineral solids to dispersed protein should be'between about '1 to 10 and 10 to '1. The ieilli ice te t. 9 t adhe ive Jmay e varied -within'the' limits indicated to give very fluid adhesives orrather viscous adhesives from any type of casein or vegetable-seed protein selected for use. However, there should always beenough .waterpresent to effectively disperse the protein; the waterto-protein ratio should not be lower than about 3 to 1, and should preferably be 4 to 1 H .or higher, up to a ratioof about 19 to 1. With a solids contentiof lessthanabout 10%, the quickset qualities are largely l0st, even when the ratio of mineral solids to protein is'kept within my preferre d rangeiof betweenfl to 6 and G'to 1. When the solidsjcontent is above about 61%, the

a 5 resulting adhesive ist'oo viscous for mostluses and the viscosity is {such that mixing the ingredientstogether to prepare'the adhesive presents some"problems'; It is best to have heavyduty mixing equipment available for preparing isuch 'high-solids adhesives. For most uses of my adhesives,solidscontents between about 20% .and.60%.j'are very-satisfactory. The ratio of mineraLsolids to, dispersed proteinis alsocriti- ,cal in .respechtothe development .of quick-set,

since I have found by experiment and experience that when the mineral solids to protein ratios are outside of the limits hereindescribed, the adhesive no longer exhibits quick-set. As one progressively adds mineral solid matter and water to a protein dispersion so as to maintain a solids content of about 10%, for, example, one observes an increased rate of setting of the adhesive when the ratio of mineral solids to protein is brought to around 1 to '10. As more mineral solids are added up to a ratio of about 1 to 6, progressively faster setting speeds are observed. Ratios. between 1 to 6 and 6 to 1 ofier variations in other characteristics than setting speed, such as adhesive strength, viscosity, spreadability, tackiness, solids content, fiowability, etc., andthereby make it possible to formulate the adhesive to give the various properties desired while yet retaining the outstanding property of quick-set.

In formulating compositions Within the limits of solids content, mineral solids to protein ratio and water-to-protein ratio herein set forth, it should be recognized that the isolated protein and/or proteinaceous flour constitutes part of the solids which establish the solids content, and

that if protein or a proteinaceous product is added to an already pigmented proteinaceous adhesive to raise the solids content of the latter, a concomitant increase in adhesive strength will result. Accordingly it should be recognized that my adhesive composition can be formulated within the stated limits with various degrees of adhesiveness while yet possessing quick-setting and low penetration characteristics. It will be understood that different gluing problems may require different degrees of adhesiveness combined with quick-setting properties, and that by selecting different qualities or types of casein or vegetable-seed protein and by varying the proportions of protein and mineral solids within the prescribed limits and ratios, the adhesives can be adjusted to ones particular gluing problem or need. Moreover, such selections and adjustments do not sacrifice the cost economies which are possible with my adhesives, since even when one uses a relatively high percentage of protein in a particular formulation, such high percentage permits him also to use correspondingly more mineral solids, thereby increasing the total bulk of the adhesive and decreasing its cost per gallon.

While the solids content, the ratio of mineral solids to soya protein and the ratio of water to protein completely define the proportions found in my adhesives, the following table helps to illustrate the various limitations which should be observed.

table may be necessary to compensate forthe non-proteinaceous solids introduced by such sources of protein. However, it should not be understood that only the proteincontent of the proteinaceous flours imparts adhesiveness to the composition, since the sugars and other components of such flours may contribute some portion of adhesiveness. However, so far as quick-set and low penetration are concerned, it appears that the ratio of dispersed solids to protein and the kind of protein are the principal factors which determine this characteristic.

It will be apparent that the protein and mineral solids maybe mixed in suitable proportions in a dry state and either shipped as a packaged adhesive base, or stored until such time as the adhesive is to be made up. In either event, all that is necessary is to mix Water with the dry base to the desired solids content and to add sufficient alkali to disperse the protein and establish the proper pH. Alkalies may also be mixed into such a packaged or stored dry base to prepare a completely formulated dry adhesive to which only water need be added.

It will also be-apparent that in a plant which operates on a stock protein dispersion and requires quick-set in only a part of its operations,

Ale stock dispersion may be modified in accordance with this invention to impart quick-set to it. In such modification, all that is necessary is to add finely-divided mineral solids to the stock dispersion with proper mixing so as to establish the proper proportions and to adjust the pH, if necessary.

In the foregoing description of the invention, reference has been made to the effect of alum from the alum-treated paper in acidifying, or insolubilizing, the protein of the adhesive thereby to improve the water-resistance of the glue line. It should be understood that under some conditions of application of the adhesive and of laminating various plies together, the alum contained in a ply of alum treated paper which contacts the glue line may have ample opportunity to fully neutralize or even acidify the glue line by the time the laminated product is delivered. from themacliine and its glue line is tested for pH. In such cases, the glue line can then possessan acid pH substantially through. its entire .thickness. Under other conditions of application and of laminating practice, the time interval and/or other factors maynot permit the alum to act so readily and the glue line of the delivered laminated product, when tested for pH, may not show 55 acid values of pH. In the latter instance, such Mineral Protein Water \iineral Solids solids to Water, to Example Protein fl Parts 3 3? Protein pH Ratio Kind Parts S 9 Ce Ratio 10/1 4. 54 45. 44 50 11/1 9. 9 10/1 3. 39 33. 9 62. 7 37. 3 18. 4/1 9. 9 6/1 7. 14 42. 85 50. 0 50. 0 7/1 10. 4 6/1 8. 7 53. 21 39. 0 61.0 4. 5/1 10.2 l/l 12. 5 12. 5 75.0 25. 0 0/1 10.8 1/1 10.65 16. G6. 7 33. 3 4/1 10. 74 1/10 22. 72 2. 27 75.0 25. O 3. 3/1 10. 8 1/10 19. 64 1. 96 78. 4 21. 6 4/1 10. 88 1/10 9. 09 0.91 90.0 10.0 11/1 Q .l.

1 Isolated soybean.

centage of added mineral solids indicated in the 75 situation is not wholly indicative of the ability of the product to retain its integrity when wet, and

the product should be further tested by a test which is commensurate with theultimate aim of the invention and intended use of the product;

9 namely; to actually test the water-resistance of the product. Such a test can be easily conducted by simply immersing a sample of the product in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours and thereafter observing whether the sample (1) has become delarninated and (2);;exhibits an acid pH and/or fiber tear when thelaminations are separated. A product which becomes delamihated in'the' course of the test clearly possesses little useful water resistance, but a.-pr.o duct.which does not become delaminated and at the-:conclu sion of the test exhibits fiber tear on separating the lamination manifestly possesses a'degree of water resistance which is highly" useful? When the glue line of a product of'the latter type is examined for pH at the conclusion. :01? ;-the immersion test, it will be found to be acidicgfits acidification having been brought about by'the alum of the alum-treated paper therein. It should be noted, however, that acidification of the glue line le r-lot" thewholeaim'fof :th' int/enticing since-the 'glue" line. of product which becomes delaminated'wheri tested'finthef'nianner described above can yet" have" ari acid pH; 'theacidification occurrin after delaminationi' In view thereof, the. fundamental '.aim' of" the inventionca'n be defined to be the: provision" of' 'alaminated prod u'ct'""(1 in' which th 'a'luin'ofa ply 'of'alumtreated paper in contact" withthe glue line has acted'o'nr the glue line sufiic'i'ently to prevent-Tile lamination:'whenf the" productis" tested in the mann'er.=.des'c'ribed above," and (2) in which the glue line iof the product; at the conclusion of said test; exhibits a'n 'aid pH and/or fiber 'tear -when the laminations"areseparated; '1 61A full appreciation and recognitionof the foreoing. aims o'f the invention leads toa m'odificationofthe inventionwhich furthersthem'timate aims and permits the advantages'nf the "invention t'o :be secured in certain extrem'e situations of laminating practice. Fromwhat-has been said above," it will b'e understood thatunder"rathere$- treme conditions such asatv'ryhigh laminating speeds, or where the 'solids' cont''nto'f' thefadhe s ive is high; the alum in abontactingply-pf alum-treated paper may have "too little" 'oppor tiiriityfrozn' the standpoint of time andavailable moisture po insolfib'ilize the protein jiifici'entlyl to p i'ovidea laminatedproduct'iwhich will notdelaminate in the early"stag'e of the 24-hour immersion test} Under su oh'f conditions,- a' small percentage of formaldehyde, 'paraf'ormald'ehyde, acetaldehyde, gilyoxal, croto naldehyde, propionaldehyde, berilzaldehyde; hexamethylenetetramine or other aldehydi proteinfins'olubilizing can p unds can be added to the adhesivafto' effect enough alterationfofEthe protin to pr'even'tas: lamination prior to the time that the alum has had an opportunityto neutralize and acidify-the glue line; "Amounts ofaldehydefis) equivalent to about 14 "or formaldehyde on the protein are usually sufficient for this purpose and yet do not so alter the protein as to prevent'the alum of the paper from exerting its beneficial effects of imparting water resistance. l1he"--actiorr0f *aldehydesand. of aldehydic protein-insolubilizing compounds on reducing the 'water sensitivity of proteins is,.-of course, well-known in the =art;-but ittshould be-recognized that theuse of thesmall amounts contemplated hereis but an expedient adopted to prevent the delamination which in some-situations may occur' biore the alii" as had. sufficient opportunity tda't'icoinplish tli ame effect. So long as delamination can be prevented at the outset when the laminated product con- 10 tacts water, then the continued orprolonged presence of the water is beneficial in furthering the action of the alum to render the glue line highly Water resistant.

It should be recognized that other expedients thanthe addition of a1dehyde(s) can be employed to attain the sameresult, as forexample, by steaming or otherwise moistening the laminations or laminated product during passage through the laminatinganrachine or after discharge of the product therefrom, or by increasing the water content of the adhesive to a higher ratio within the-limits set hereinabove, or by aging the laminated product in a moist atmosphere, or by otherwise providing sufficient moisture in'and around the;;glue; ;line of the laminated product to tacilita-te leaching and diifusion of the alum into the glue line. Such expedients, however, entail additional operations in the manufacture of the laminated product and generally are less desirable from a acost or operating-- standpoint than the simple expedient ofintroducing a small amount of aldehyde (s) directly into :the liquid adhesive; The latter expedient assures a product which will not become delaminated inadvertently beforethe a-lum-'hashad its-desired effects. -While notJdejsiring to-be'bound byanexpression of theory 0on cerning this result, Iblievethat the presence of the alumaids theactiorr of the aldehydeis). *At least I haveobservedthat a given percentage of an aldehyde, such as formaldehyde, confers more Water resistance in thepresence of the alum than is conferred bythe same percentage in the absence of the alum; l

The present invention has-found its greatest usefulness in the manufacture of water-resistant laminated paper -board;-- The-adhesives, however, may be employedfor the manufacture of;- plywood'and for laminating woven fabrics and-other cellulosic material. Alsog'several different types of mater-ialsmay' be laminated in accordance with theinvention, such as paper and wood paper and fabric; paper and metallic foils such as alumi-' num', etc; It willalso'be obvious to those skilled in the art that the two pieces need not necessarilybe sheet'mate'rialin' order to take advantage of the desirable properties of the adhesive compositions dscribe'dor of the acidification feature; "For example, alum-treated "paper could be adhered to a bloc'k'bf wood without departing from the spirit "and" scope of the present inven "t M Itwillthus'be'appare'nt'that my invention'may' bepracticed in'a variety of embodiments; and that numerous modifi'catiohs may be made in its practice by 'cine' skilled in the art without 'd matting from' the principles-set forth above and inthe following claims.

In tli foregoing descript'ion of' my invention; wherever 1 have referredto '"mln .eral solids or solidsbdntent? the'termsh'a'vebeen intendedto refer to only the undissolvedi'and' colloidally dis-'- persed solids." Dissolved crystalloid alkaline protein dispersingagents and dissolved non-protein components of "soya and "other proteinaceous Hours are" not" included within" the e t rms. The protein," howeverfi'islincluded within the term solids"'content since Irega'rd' the proteinas b'e'ing'colloida lly dispersed even thoughit is cuetomar Irthis "t to; speak of protein aslbeing i we been so di r' r rf h rehearsal-tree l al er is used'herei N nd in the following claims to mean sized paper or paper board which has an'acid pl-I resulting from the presence of alum therein.

Having described my invention, what I claim 1. The method of preparing a laminated body comprising at least a pair of adhered cellulosic plies and characterized by'its ability to retain its integrity and to exhibit water-resistance at the glue line of said plies when the body is immersed in water, said method comprising the steps of applying to at least one' surface of an alumtreated paper ply an aqueous film of quick-setting proteinaceous adhesive having a total dispersed solids content between 10% and 61% and an alkaline pH, and composed essentially of a) finelydivided solids, (b) dispersed protein from the class consisting'of casein, vegetable-seed protein and mixtures thereof, and water, said finelydivided solids including mineral solids with the latter in a ratio to dispersed protein between about 1 to 10 and 10 to 1, and said adhesive having a ratio of water to protein of between about 3 to 1 and 19 to 1; and firmly contacting said film before it sets with another ply' of cellulosic material, said alkaline film of adhesive'being applied in sufficient thickness to bond said plies together while yet being sufliciently thin to be acidified to the ratio of mineral solids to dispersed protein is between 1 to 6 and 6 to 1, wherein the total solids content is between "about 20% and 60%, and wherein the adhesive'film is brought to a pH below by the acidity of the alum treated paper of the laminated body.'

3. The method as claimed in'claim 2 wherein the protein is isolated soya protein.

4. The methodas 'claimed'in claim 2 wherein the protein is soya protein accompanied with the other natural ingredients of soya fiour.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the protein is soya protein, and wherein the adhesive film is brought to a pH below 5 by the acidity of the alum-treated paper of the lam inated body.

6. The method as claimed inclaini-l wherein the protein is casein.

'7. The method of preparing a laminated'body comprising at least a pair of adhered paper plies and characterized by its ability to retain its integrity and to exhibit improvedwat'er'resistance at the glue line of said plies when the laminated body is imm-ersed'in water, said method compirsing the steps of:' applying between a pair of juxtaposed plies of alum-treated sized paper a film of aqueous, alkaline quick-setting proteinaceous adhesive having a total solids content between and 61%, and being composed essentially of (a) finely-divided solids, (b) dispersed protein from the class consisting of casein, vegetable-seed protein and-mixtures thereof, and (0) water, said finely-divided solids comprising mineral solids with the latter in a ratio to protein between about 1 to 10 and 10 to 1 and said adhesive having a ratio of water to-protein of between about 3 to 1 and 19 to 1; and firmly pressing said juxtaposed plies together before said film ofadhesive sets; said alkaline film of adhesive being applied in sufiicient thickness to bond said plies together while yet being sufficiently thin to be acidified to an acid pH substantially throughout its thickness solely by the acidity of said pair of sized plies.

8. The method as'claimed in claim 7 wherein the ratio of mineral solids to dispersed protein is between 1 to 6 and 6 to 1, wherein the total solids content is between about and and wherein the film of adhesive is brought to a pH below 5 by the acidity of said plies.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the protein is isolated soya protein.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the protein is soya protein accompanied with the other natural ingredients of soya flour.

11. The method as'claimed in claim 7 wherein the protein is soya protein, and wherein the adhesive film is brought toa pH below 5 by the acidity of said plies.

12. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the protein is casein.

13. A laminated cellulosic assembly comprising at least one ply of alum-treated paper adhered to another ply of cellulosic material through a relatively thin layer of proteinaceous adhesive and capable of retaining its laminated integrity when immersed in water and of then, if not sooner, exhibiting an acid pH entirely through said layer of adhesive, said acid pH resulting in-situ in said assembly solely from the acidifica tionby the alum-treated paper of the assembly of a previously intercalated film of an aqueou alkaline, quick-setting, relatively non-penetrating proteinaceous adhesive composed essentially'of (1) dispersed protein selected from the class consisting of casein, vegetable-seed protein and mixtures thereof, (2) finely-divided dispersed solids comprisingmineral solids, (3) water and (4) a small quantity of alkaline protein-dispersing agentsufficient in amount effectively to disperse said protein and'to establish an alkaline pH in said aqueous adhesive, said alkaline adhesive having the named ingredients in the following proportions: (at) a dispersed solids content -of between about 10% and 61%; (b) a protein/dispersed mineral solids ratio of between about 1 to 10'and 10 to 1; and (c) a water/protein ratio of between about 3 to-1 and 19 to 1.

14. A laminated assembly as claimed in claim 13 wherein the ratio of protein to mineral solids is between 1 to 6 and 6 to 1 and wherein the total solids content is between about 20 and 60%.

15. A laminated assembly as claimed in'claim 14 wherein the protein is soya protein.

16. A laminated assembly as'claimed in claim 14 wherein the protein is casein.

17. A laminated assembly as claimed in claim 14-wherein said other ply of cellulosic material is also a ply of alum-treated paper.

18. A laminated assembly as claimed in claim 1'7 wherein the protein is isolated soya protein.

WALTER M. BAIN.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

1. THE METHOD OF PREPARING A LAMINATED BODY COMPRISING AT LEAST A PAIR OF ADHERED CELLULOSIC PLIES AND CHARACTERIZED BY ITS ABILITY TO RETAIN ITS INTEGRITY AND TO EXHIBIT WATER-RESISTANCE AT THE GLUE LINE OF SAID PLIES WHEN THE BODY IS IMMERSED IN WATER, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: APPLYING TO AT LEAST ONE SURFACE OF AN ALUMTREATED PAPER PLY AN AQUEOUS FILM OF QUICK-SETTING PROTEINACEOUS ADHESIVE HAVING A TOTAL DISPERSED SOLIDS CONTENT BETWEEN 10% AND 61% AND AN AIKALINE PH, AND COMPOSED ESSENTIALLY OF (A) FINELYDIVIDED SOLIDS, (B) DISPERSED PROTEIN FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF CASEIN, VEGETABLE-SEED PROTEIN AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AND (C) WATER, SAID FINELYDIVIDED SOLIDS INCLUDING MINERAL SOLIDS WITH THE LATTER IN A RATIO TO DISPERSED PROTEIN BETWEEN ABOUT 1 TO 10 AND 10 TO 1, AND SAID ADHESIVE HAVING A RATIO OF WATER TO PROTEIN OF BETWEEN ABOUT 3 TO 1 AND 19 TO 1; AND FIRMLY CONTACTING SAID FILM BEFORE IT SETS WITH ANOTHER PLY OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL, SAID ALKALINE FILM OF ADHESIVE BEING APPLIED WHILE YET BEING SUFFICIENTLY THIN TO BE ACIDIFIED TO AN ACID PH SUBSTANTIALLY THROUGHOUT ITS THICKNESS SOLELY BY THE ACIDITY OF THE ALUM-TREATED PAPER OF SAID LAMINATED BODY. 